Cesarean delivery
Gestational diabetes mellitus
Antepartum hemorrhage: placental abruption
Antepartum hemorrhage: placenta previa
Pregnancy-induced hypertension
Postpartum hemorrhage
Preterm labor
Preeclampsia.
Congenital anomalies
Preterm birth rate
Early preterm birth rate
Low birth weight
Neonatal intensive care unit admission rate. A total of 11 cohort studies reported outcomes for NICU/SCBU admission rate (Fig. 18). The odds ratio of NICU/SCBU admissions was 6.5 (95% CI, 5.8–7.3) in IVF-ICSI twin gestations when compared with singleton IVF-ICSI gestation. There was statistically significant heterogeneity (I2 1⁄4 91%, P< .01) within the studies included.
Perinatal mortality rate (death of baby). A total of nine studies reported out- comes of perinatal mortality (PNM) rate: seven registry studies and two cohort studies (Fig. 19). Perinatal mortality data in Gunby et al. (17-23) included stillbirth and neonatal deaths whereas, Tandberg et al. (55) defined perinatal mortality as death of the fetus from R22 weeks until %7 days after birth, stillbirths included. The odds ratio of perinatal mortality was 2.4 (95% CI, 2.1–2.8) in IVF-ICSI twin gestations when compared with singleton IVF-ICSI gestations. Heterogeneity was attributed to chance (I2 1⁄4 0%, P1⁄4.49) within the studies included.
Stillbirth rate. A total of eight studies reported outcomes for stillbirth rate: one registry study and seven cohort studies (Fig. 20). The odds ratio (95% CI) of stillbirth rate for at least one of the twins was 2.2(1.8–2.6) in IVF-ICSI twin gestations when compared with singleton IVF-ICSI gestation. There was minimal heterogeneity (I2 1⁄4 36%, P1⁄4.09) within the studies included.
Definition Singleton: The birth of only one child during a single delivery with a gestation of 20 weeks or more.
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